Enter the trans person. A trans woman who loves women—is she a lesbian or a confused straight man? A trans man who loves men—is he gay or a self-hating woman? These crude, invasive questions plagued early trans existence within the gay and lesbian worlds. Many trans people found themselves rejected from lesbian spaces for embracing masculinity, or shunned from gay male spaces for rejecting it. They were often told they were “confused,” “traitors to their sex,” or simply “too much.”

Today, the most exciting, vibrant edges of LGBTQ+ culture are those that have abandoned rigid categories altogether. Younger generations are embracing labels like “non-binary,” “genderfluid,” and “agender” in astonishing numbers. They are less interested in the old debates about who is a “real” man or woman and more interested in authenticity. The trans community, having lived this truth for generations, is now the unlikely elder statesperson for this new, fluid world.

What was different this time was the nature of the attack from within . A new, virulent strain of anti-trans rhetoric emerged from a vocal minority of lesbians and feminists, who self-identify as “gender critical.” They argue that trans women are male-bodied interlopers invading women’s spaces, and that gender identity is a patriarchal construct designed to erase biological sex. To many in the trans community, this felt like the ultimate betrayal. It was the 1973 Pride rally all over again, but this time amplified by social media and given the false sheen of academic theory.

And it is to fight, now, for the right to simply exist. The trans community is not asking for special rights. They are asking for the same thing Marsha P. Johnson was asking for in 1969: the freedom to walk down the street without being harassed, to use a public restroom in peace, and to be seen as the full, complex human beings they have always been.

Beyond the Rainbow: The Transgender Community and the Fight for the Soul of LGBTQ+ Culture

But for decades, the fuller truth was sanitized. Marsha P. Johnson, a Black self-identified drag queen and trans woman, and Sylvia Rivera, a Latina trans woman and co-founder of the militant activist group STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries), were not merely participants. They were architects. They threw the first “shot glass” and, more importantly, they sheltered the homeless queer youth who flocked to the movement’s flame. Yet, as the 1970s wore on, and the fight for “respectability” began, Johnson and Rivera were pushed to the margins. Mainstream gay and lesbian organizations, seeking to win over a skeptical public, distanced themselves from the “flamboyant,” the “gender-bending,” and the “unpresentable.” Rivera was famously booed off stage at a 1973 Gay Pride rally in New York.