Turbo Physics Grade 12 Pdf Official

Kael calculated: Using (η_t = (T₁ - T₂_actual)/(T₁ - T₂_ideal)), he found that 68% of the exhaust’s enthalpy (h = u + Pv) converted into shaft work. The rest became entropy—random molecular motion—which heated the turbine housing.

“More air means more fuel can be burned,” Kael said. “That’s the power gain.” But 135°C air caused engine knock. Dr. Vane handed him an intercooler—an air-to-air radiator. After the intercooler, temperature dropped to 45°C while pressure only dropped to 1.7 atm. turbo physics grade 12 pdf

Without turbo, ambient air density was 1.18 kg/m³. Density ratio = 1.56/1.18 = 1.32 → 32% more air molecules. Kael calculated: Using (η_t = (T₁ - T₂_actual)/(T₁